Glossary A–Z

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Risk

The probability that a harmful health event or outcome will occur.

Sample

A selected subset of a population used for analysis or observation.

Sample

A portion drawn from a population for study or testing.

Scale

A standardized set of values or response options used to measure a variable.

Screening

The systematic testing or assessment of people to identify disease or risk early.

Sociodemographic

Relating to the combined social and demographic characteristics of individuals or groups.

Standard

A reference level or accepted benchmark used for comparison or evaluation.

Surveillance

Ongoing systematic collection and interpretation of health data.

Survey

A systematic method for collecting information from a defined sample.

Symptom

A subjective indication of disease or change in health status.

Transmission

The spread of an infectious agent from one host, source, or place to another.

Vaccine

A biological preparation that stimulates immune protection against a disease.

Variable

A characteristic or factor that can take different values in an analysis.

Virus

A microscopic infectious agent that replicates inside living host cells.